Definitions and Examples from the XML 1.0 Spec
2.1 Well-Formed XML Documents
~~ Document ~~
[1] document ::= prolog element Misc*
2.2 Characters
~~ Character Range ~~
[2] Char ::= #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD]
| [#x10000-#x10FFFF] /* any Unicode character, excluding the surrogate
blocks, FFFE, and FFFF. */
2.3 Common Syntactic Constructs
~~ White Space ~~
[3] S ::= (#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+
~~ Names and Tokens ~~
[4] NameChar ::= Letter | Digit | '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'
| CombiningChar | Extender
[5] Name ::= (Letter | '_' | ':') (NameChar)*
[6] Names ::= Name (S Name)*
[7] Nmtoken ::= (NameChar)+
[8] Nmtokens ::= Nmtoken (S Nmtoken)*
~~ Literals ~~
[9] EntityValue ::= '"' ([^%&"] | PEReference | Reference)* '"'
| "'" ([^%&'] | PEReference | Reference)* "'"
[10] AttValue ::= '"' ([^<&"] | Reference)* '"'
| "'" ([^<&'] | Reference)* "'"
[11] SystemLiteral ::= ('"' [^"]* '"') | ("'" [^']* "'")
[12] PubidLiteral ::= '"' PubidChar* '"' | "'" (PubidChar - "'")* "'"
[13] PubidChar ::= #x20 | #xD | #xA | [a-zA-Z0-9]
| [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]
2.4 Character Data and Markup
~~ Character Data ~~
[14] CharData ::= [^<&]* - ([^<&]* ']]>' [^<&]*)
2.5 Comments
~~ Comments ~~
[15] Comment ::= ''
Example:
2.6 Processing Instructions
~~ Processing Instructions ~~
[16] PI ::= '' Char*)))? '?>'
[17] PITarget ::= Name - (('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))
2.7 CDATA Sections
~~ CDATA Sections ~~
[18] CDSect ::= CDStart CData CDEnd
[19] CDStart ::= '' Char*))
[21] CDEnd ::= ']]>'
Example:
Hello, world!]]>
2.8 Prolog and Document Type Declaration
Example:
Hello, world!
Example:
Hello, world!
~~ Prolog ~~
[22] prolog ::= XMLDecl? Misc* (doctypedecl Misc*)?
[23] XMLDecl ::= ''
[24] VersionInfo ::= S 'version' Eq (' VersionNum ' | " VersionNum ")
[25] Eq ::= S? '=' S?
[26] VersionNum ::= ([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+
[27] Misc ::= Comment | PI | S
~~ Document Type Definition ~~
[28] doctypedecl ::= '' [ VC: Root Element Type ]
[29] markupdecl ::= elementdecl | AttlistDecl | EntityDecl
| NotationDecl | PI | Comment [ VC: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting ]
[ WFC: PEs in Internal Subset ]
~~ External Subset ~~
[30] extSubset ::= TextDecl? extSubsetDecl
[31] extSubsetDecl ::= ( markupdecl | conditionalSect | PEReference
| S )*
Example:
Hello, world!
Example:
]>
Hello, world!
2.9 Standalone Document Declaration
~~ Standalone Document Declaration ~~
[32] SDDecl ::= S 'standalone' Eq (("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"'
('yes' | 'no') '"')) [ VC: Standalone Document Declaration ]
Example:
2.10 White Space Handling
Example:
2.11 End-of-Line Handling
2.12 Language Identification
~~ Language Identification ~~
[33] LanguageID ::= Langcode ('-' Subcode)*
[34] Langcode ::= ISO639Code | IanaCode | UserCode
[35] ISO639Code ::= ([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])
[36] IanaCode ::= ('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+
[37] UserCode ::= ('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+
[38] Subcode ::= ([a-z] | [A-Z])+
Example:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
What colour is it?
What color is it?
Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,
Juristerei, und Medizin
und leider auch Theologie
durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.
Example:
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
Example:
3. Logical Structures
~~Element ~~
[39] element ::= EmptyElemTag
| STag content ETag [ WFC: Element Type Match ]
[ VC: Element Valid ]
~~ Start-tag ~~
[40] STag ::= '<' Name (S Attribute)* S? '>' [ WFC: Unique Att Spec ]
[41] Attribute ::= Name Eq AttValue [ VC: Attribute Value Type ]
[ WFC: No External Entity References ]
[ WFC: No < in Attribute Values ]
Example:
~~ End-tag ~~
[42] ETag ::= ''
Example:
~~ Content of Elements ~~
[43] content ::= (element | CharData | Reference | CDSect | PI
| Comment)*
~~ Tags for Empty Elements ~~
[44] EmptyElemTag ::= '<' Name (S Attribute)* S? '/>' [ WFC: Unique
Att Spec ]
Example:
3.2 Element Type Declarations
~~ Element Type Declaration ~~
[45] elementdecl ::= '' [ VC:
Unique Element Type Declaration ]
[46] contentspec ::= 'EMPTY' | 'ANY' | Mixed | children
Example:
3.2.1 Element Content
~~ Element-content Models ~~
[47] children ::= (choice | seq) ('?' | '*' | '+')?
[48] cp ::= (Name | choice | seq) ('?' | '*' | '+')?
[49] choice ::= '(' S? cp ( S? '|' S? cp )* S? ')' [ VC: Proper
Group/PE Nesting ]
[50] seq ::= '(' S? cp ( S? ',' S? cp )* S? ')' [ VC: Proper Group/PE
Nesting ]
Example:
3.2.2 Mixed Content
~~ Mixed-content Declaration ~~
[51] Mixed ::= '(' S? '#PCDATA' (S? '|' S? Name)* S? ')*'
| '(' S? '#PCDATA' S? ')' [ VC: Proper Group/PE Nesting ]
[ VC: No Duplicate Types ]
Example:
3.3 Attribute-List Declarations
~~ Attribute-list Declaration ~~
[52] AttlistDecl ::= ''
[53] AttDef ::= S Name S AttType S DefaultDecl
3.3.1 Attribute Types
~~ Attribute Types ~~
[54] AttType ::= StringType | TokenizedType | EnumeratedType
[55] StringType ::= 'CDATA'
[56] TokenizedType ::= 'ID' [ VC: ID ]
[ VC: One ID per Element Type ]
[ VC: ID Attribute Default ]
| 'IDREF' [ VC: IDREF ]
| 'IDREFS' [ VC: IDREF ]
| 'ENTITY' [ VC: Entity Name ]
| 'ENTITIES' [ VC: Entity Name ]
| 'NMTOKEN' [ VC: Name Token ]
| 'NMTOKENS' [ VC: Name Token ]
~~ Enumerated Attribute Types ~~
[57] EnumeratedType ::= NotationType | Enumeration
[58] NotationType ::= 'NOTATION' S '(' S? Name (S? '|' S? Name)* S?
')' [ VC: Notation Attributes ]
[59] Enumeration ::= '(' S? Nmtoken (S? '|' S? Nmtoken)* S? ')' [ VC:
Enumeration ]
3.3.2 Attribute Defaults
~~ Attribute Defaults ~~
[60] DefaultDecl ::= '#REQUIRED' | '#IMPLIED'
| (('#FIXED' S)? AttValue) [ VC: Required Attribute ]
[ VC: Attribute Default Legal ]
[ WFC: No < in Attribute Values ]
[ VC: Fixed Attribute Default ]
Example:
3.3.3 Attribute-Value Normalization
3.4 Conditional Sections
~~ Conditional Section ~~
[61] conditionalSect ::= includeSect | ignoreSect
[62] includeSect ::= ''
[63] ignoreSect ::= ''
[64] ignoreSectContents ::= Ignore (''
Ignore)*
[65] Ignore ::= Char* - (Char* ('') Char*)
Example:
]]>
]]>
4. Physical Structures
4.1 Character and Entity References
~~ Character Reference ~~
[66] CharRef ::= '&#' [0-9]+ ';'
| '&#x' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';' [ WFC: Legal Character ]
If the character reference begins with "&#x", the digits and letters up
to the terminating ; provide a hexadecimal representation of the
character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646. If it begins just with "&#",
the digits up to the terminating ; provide a decimal representation of
the character's code point.
~~ Entity Reference ~~
[67] Reference ::= EntityRef | CharRef
[68] EntityRef ::= '&' Name ';' [ WFC: Entity Declared ]
[ VC: Entity Declared ]
[ WFC: Parsed Entity ]
[ WFC: No Recursion ]
[69] PEReference ::= '%' Name ';' [ VC: Entity Declared ]
[ WFC: No Recursion ]
[ WFC: In DTD ]
Example:
Type less-than (<) to save options.
This document was prepared on &docdate; and
is classified &security-level;.
Example:
%ISOLat2;
4.2 Entity Declarations
~~ Entity Declaration ~~
[70] EntityDecl ::= GEDecl | PEDecl
[71] GEDecl ::= ''
[72] PEDecl ::= ''
[73] EntityDef ::= EntityValue | (ExternalID NDataDecl?)
[74] PEDef ::= EntityValue | ExternalID
4.2.1 Internal Entities
Example:
4.2.2 External Entities
~~ External Entity Declaration ~~
[75] ExternalID ::= 'SYSTEM' S SystemLiteral
| 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral S SystemLiteral
[76] NDataDecl ::= S 'NDATA' S Name [ VC: Notation Declared ]
Example:
4.3 Parsed Entities
4.3.1 The Text Declaration
~~ Text Declaration ~~
[77] TextDecl ::= ''
4.3.2 Well-Formed Parsed Entities
~~ Well-Formed External Parsed Entity ~~
[78] extParsedEnt ::= TextDecl? content
[79] extPE ::= TextDecl? extSubsetDecl
4.3.3 Character Encoding in Entities
~~ Encoding Declaration ~~
[80] EncodingDecl ::= S 'encoding' Eq ('"' EncName '"' | "'" EncName
"'" )
[81] EncName ::= [A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')* /* Encoding name
contains only Latin characters */
Example:
4.4 XML Processor Treatment of Entities and References
4.4.2 Included
4.4.3 Included If Validating
4.4.4 Forbidden
Example:
Example:
'
[83] PublicID ::= 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral
4.8 Document Entity
5. Conformance
5.1 Validating and Non-Validating Processors
5.2 Using XML Processors
6. Notation
Example:
symbol ::= expression
~~ Characters ~~
[84] Letter ::= BaseChar | Ideographic
[85] BaseChar ::= [#x0041-#x005A] | [#x0061-#x007A] | [#x00C0-#x00D6]
| [#x00D8-#x00F6] | [#x00F8-#x00FF] | [#x0100-#x0131] | [#x0134-#x013E]
| [#x0141-#x0148] | [#x014A-#x017E] | [#x0180-#x01C3] | [#x01CD-#x01F0]
| [#x01F4-#x01F5] | [#x01FA-#x0217] | [#x0250-#x02A8] | [#x02BB-#x02C1]
| #x0386 | [#x0388-#x038A] | #x038C | [#x038E-#x03A1] | [#x03A3-#x03CE]
| [#x03D0-#x03D6] | #x03DA | #x03DC | #x03DE | #x03E0 | [#x03E2-#x03F3]
| [#x0401-#x040C] | [#x040E-#x044F] | [#x0451-#x045C] | [#x045E-#x0481]
| [#x0490-#x04C4] | [#x04C7-#x04C8] | [#x04CB-#x04CC] | [#x04D0-#x04EB]
| [#x04EE-#x04F5] | [#x04F8-#x04F9] | [#x0531-#x0556] | #x0559
| [#x0561-#x0586] | [#x05D0-#x05EA] | [#x05F0-#x05F2] | [#x0621-#x063A]
| [#x0641-#x064A] | [#x0671-#x06B7] | [#x06BA-#x06BE] | [#x06C0-#x06CE]
| [#x06D0-#x06D3] | #x06D5 | [#x06E5-#x06E6] | [#x0905-#x0939] | #x093D
| [#x0958-#x0961] | [#x0985-#x098C] | [#x098F-#x0990] | [#x0993-#x09A8]
| [#x09AA-#x09B0] | #x09B2 | [#x09B6-#x09B9] | [#x09DC-#x09DD]
| [#x09DF-#x09E1] | [#x09F0-#x09F1] | [#x0A05-#x0A0A] | [#x0A0F-#x0A10]
| [#x0A13-#x0A28] | [#x0A2A-#x0A30] | [#x0A32-#x0A33] | [#x0A35-#x0A36]
| [#x0A38-#x0A39] | [#x0A59-#x0A5C] | #x0A5E | [#x0A72-#x0A74]
| [#x0A85-#x0A8B] | #x0A8D | [#x0A8F-#x0A91] | [#x0A93-#x0AA8]
| [#x0AAA-#x0AB0] | [#x0AB2-#x0AB3] | [#x0AB5-#x0AB9] | #x0ABD | #x0AE0
| [#x0B05-#x0B0C] | [#x0B0F-#x0B10] | [#x0B13-#x0B28] | [#x0B2A-#x0B30]
| [#x0B32-#x0B33] | [#x0B36-#x0B39] | #x0B3D | [#x0B5C-#x0B5D]
| [#x0B5F-#x0B61] | [#x0B85-#x0B8A] | [#x0B8E-#x0B90] | [#x0B92-#x0B95]
| [#x0B99-#x0B9A] | #x0B9C | [#x0B9E-#x0B9F] | [#x0BA3-#x0BA4]
| [#x0BA8-#x0BAA] | [#x0BAE-#x0BB5] | [#x0BB7-#x0BB9] | [#x0C05-#x0C0C]
| [#x0C0E-#x0C10] | [#x0C12-#x0C28] | [#x0C2A-#x0C33] | [#x0C35-#x0C39]
| [#x0C60-#x0C61] | [#x0C85-#x0C8C] | [#x0C8E-#x0C90] | [#x0C92-#x0CA8]
| [#x0CAA-#x0CB3] | [#x0CB5-#x0CB9] | #x0CDE | [#x0CE0-#x0CE1]
| [#x0D05-#x0D0C] | [#x0D0E-#x0D10] | [#x0D12-#x0D28] | [#x0D2A-#x0D39]
| [#x0D60-#x0D61] | [#x0E01-#x0E2E] | #x0E30 | [#x0E32-#x0E33]
| [#x0E40-#x0E45] | [#x0E81-#x0E82] | #x0E84 | [#x0E87-#x0E88] | #x0E8A
| #x0E8D | [#x0E94-#x0E97] | [#x0E99-#x0E9F] | [#x0EA1-#x0EA3] | #x0EA5
| #x0EA7 | [#x0EAA-#x0EAB] | [#x0EAD-#x0EAE] | #x0EB0 | [#x0EB2-#x0EB3]
| #x0EBD | [#x0EC0-#x0EC4] | [#x0F40-#x0F47] | [#x0F49-#x0F69]
| [#x10A0-#x10C5] | [#x10D0-#x10F6] | #x1100 | [#x1102-#x1103]
| [#x1105-#x1107] | #x1109 | [#x110B-#x110C] | [#x110E-#x1112] | #x113C
| #x113E | #x1140 | #x114C | #x114E | #x1150 | [#x1154-#x1155] | #x1159
| [#x115F-#x1161] | #x1163 | #x1165 | #x1167 | #x1169 | [#x116D-#x116E]
| [#x1172-#x1173] | #x1175 | #x119E | #x11A8 | #x11AB | [#x11AE-#x11AF]
| [#x11B7-#x11B8] | #x11BA | [#x11BC-#x11C2] | #x11EB | #x11F0 | #x11F9
| [#x1E00-#x1E9B] | [#x1EA0-#x1EF9] | [#x1F00-#x1F15] | [#x1F18-#x1F1D]
| [#x1F20-#x1F45] | [#x1F48-#x1F4D] | [#x1F50-#x1F57] | #x1F59 | #x1F5B
| #x1F5D | [#x1F5F-#x1F7D] | [#x1F80-#x1FB4] | [#x1FB6-#x1FBC] | #x1FBE
| [#x1FC2-#x1FC4] | [#x1FC6-#x1FCC] | [#x1FD0-#x1FD3] | [#x1FD6-#x1FDB]
| [#x1FE0-#x1FEC] | [#x1FF2-#x1FF4] | [#x1FF6-#x1FFC] | #x2126
| [#x212A-#x212B] | #x212E | [#x2180-#x2182] | [#x3041-#x3094]
| [#x30A1-#x30FA] | [#x3105-#x312C] | [#xAC00-#xD7A3]
[86] Ideographic ::= [#x4E00-#x9FA5] | #x3007 | [#x3021-#x3029]
[87] CombiningChar ::= [#x0300-#x0345] | [#x0360-#x0361]
| [#x0483-#x0486] | [#x0591-#x05A1] | [#x05A3-#x05B9] | [#x05BB-#x05BD]
| #x05BF | [#x05C1-#x05C2] | #x05C4 | [#x064B-#x0652] | #x0670
| [#x06D6-#x06DC] | [#x06DD-#x06DF] | [#x06E0-#x06E4] | [#x06E7-#x06E8]
| [#x06EA-#x06ED] | [#x0901-#x0903] | #x093C | [#x093E-#x094C] | #x094D
| [#x0951-#x0954] | [#x0962-#x0963] | [#x0981-#x0983] | #x09BC | #x09BE
| #x09BF | [#x09C0-#x09C4] | [#x09C7-#x09C8] | [#x09CB-#x09CD] | #x09D7
| [#x09E2-#x09E3] | #x0A02 | #x0A3C | #x0A3E | #x0A3F | [#x0A40-#x0A42]
| [#x0A47-#x0A48] | [#x0A4B-#x0A4D] | [#x0A70-#x0A71] | [#x0A81-#x0A83]
| #x0ABC | [#x0ABE-#x0AC5] | [#x0AC7-#x0AC9] | [#x0ACB-#x0ACD]
| [#x0B01-#x0B03] | #x0B3C | [#x0B3E-#x0B43] | [#x0B47-#x0B48]
| [#x0B4B-#x0B4D] | [#x0B56-#x0B57] | [#x0B82-#x0B83] | [#x0BBE-#x0BC2]
| [#x0BC6-#x0BC8] | [#x0BCA-#x0BCD] | #x0BD7 | [#x0C01-#x0C03]
| [#x0C3E-#x0C44] | [#x0C46-#x0C48] | [#x0C4A-#x0C4D] | [#x0C55-#x0C56]
| [#x0C82-#x0C83] | [#x0CBE-#x0CC4] | [#x0CC6-#x0CC8] | [#x0CCA-#x0CCD]
| [#x0CD5-#x0CD6] | [#x0D02-#x0D03] | [#x0D3E-#x0D43] | [#x0D46-#x0D48]
| [#x0D4A-#x0D4D] | #x0D57 | #x0E31 | [#x0E34-#x0E3A] | [#x0E47-#x0E4E]
| #x0EB1 | [#x0EB4-#x0EB9] | [#x0EBB-#x0EBC] | [#x0EC8-#x0ECD]
| [#x0F18-#x0F19] | #x0F35 | #x0F37 | #x0F39 | #x0F3E | #x0F3F
| [#x0F71-#x0F84] | [#x0F86-#x0F8B] | [#x0F90-#x0F95] | #x0F97
| [#x0F99-#x0FAD] | [#x0FB1-#x0FB7] | #x0FB9 | [#x20D0-#x20DC] | #x20E1
| [#x302A-#x302F] | #x3099 | #x309A
[88] Digit ::= [#x0030-#x0039] | [#x0660-#x0669] | [#x06F0-#x06F9]
| [#x0966-#x096F] | [#x09E6-#x09EF] | [#x0A66-#x0A6F] | [#x0AE6-#x0AEF]
| [#x0B66-#x0B6F] | [#x0BE7-#x0BEF] | [#x0C66-#x0C6F] | [#x0CE6-#x0CEF]
| [#x0D66-#x0D6F] | [#x0E50-#x0E59] | [#x0ED0-#x0ED9] | [#x0F20-#x0F29]
[89] Extender ::= #x00B7 | #x02D0 | #x02D1 | #x0387 | #x0640 | #x0E46
| #x0EC6 | #x3005 | [#x3031-#x3035] | [#x309D-#x309E] | [#x30FC-#x30FE]
D. Expansion of Entity and Character References (Non-Normative)
Example:
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
numerically (&#38;) or with a general entity
(&)." >
Example:
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
numerically (&) or with a general entity
(&).
Example:
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
numerically (&) or with a general entity
(&).
Example:
1
2
4
5 ' >
6 %xx;
7 ]>
8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.
[End]